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Recent gene discovery efforts have expanded the number of known single-gene disorders associated with stroke and have linked common variants at approximately 35 genetic loci to stroke risk, which have highlighted novel mechanisms and pathways implicated in stroke related to large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and small vessel disease and defined shared genetic influences with related vascular traits. Thanks to plummeting costs of genetic testing, rapid advances in computational power, massive, linked databases, and new targeted therapies, making it increasingly possible to prevent or treat illnesses based on an individual patient’s characteristics, the era of precision medicine is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to solve the complexity and heterogeneity of IS-related diseases to guide the management of early IS patients. The existence of these complex diseases has significantly increased the difficulty and cost of treatment, causing a higher risk of death. An important reason for these characteristics is that patients with IS are often accompanied by a variety of complex diseases, including risk factors, comorbidities, and systemic complications after stroke. Ischemic stroke (IS) is not only a disease with high morbidity, high mortality, and high disability, but also has a great risk of recurrence. The research of disease classification based on community detection of symptom-shared patient networks is practical the common molecular pathway of symptoms and herbs reflects the rationality of TCM herbs on symptoms and the wide range of therapeutic targets. For specific symptom pathways, the number of herb pathways is more than that of drugs. Each subgroup has the largest number of herb pathways. The 7 patient subgroups have their own characteristics of risk factors, complications, and comorbidities and the underlying genetic pathways of symptoms, drugs, and herbs. We identified 34 patient modules from the PSN, of which 7 modules include 98.48% of the whole cases.
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Finally, genetic data of symptoms, herbs, and drugs were used for pathway and GO analysis to explore the characteristics of pathways of subgroups and to compare the similarities and differences in genetic pathways of herbs and drugs from the perspective of molecular pathways of symptoms. Next, patient subgroups were identified using community detection methods and enrichment analyses were performed. Utilizing the TCM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7170 in patients with IS, a patient similarity network (PSN) with shared symptoms was constructed.
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Individualized treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides a theoretical basis for the study of the personalized classification of complex diseases. Network medicine was used to try to analyze the characteristics of IS-related diseases and find out the differences in genetic pathways between Chinese herbs and Western drugs. Ischemic stroke has a high incidence, disability, and recurrence rate, and one of the reasons is that it is often accompanied by other complex diseases, including risk factors, complications, and comorbidities. The development of network medicine provides new opportunities for disease research.